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EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)

A standardized format for exchanging business documents electronically between trading partners.

EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) is the computer-to-computer exchange of standard business documents — purchase orders, invoices, advance shipment notices (ASNs), inventory updates — between trading partners using a standardized format. In logistics, EDI is the primary way that brands communicate with retail buyers (Walmart, Target, Nordstrom) and their 3PLs for wholesale orders.

The most common logistics EDI transactions: EDI 850 (Purchase Order), EDI 856 (Advance Ship Notice/ASN), EDI 810 (Invoice), and EDI 940/943/944 (warehouse shipping order, transfer, and receipt). Retailers require vendors to be EDI-compliant — non-compliance triggers chargebacks that can represent 2-5% of invoice value.

For brands selling into retail wholesale, EDI compliance is non-negotiable. Your 3PL must be EDI-capable and familiar with your retail partner's specific routing guide requirements (timing, label formats, packing standards). Many 3PLs use EDI middleware platforms (SPS Commerce, TrueCommerce, DiCentral) to manage these connections.

Key Points

Computer-to-computer document exchange in standardized formats
Required by most major retailers for wholesale vendor compliance
Non-compliance triggers chargebacks — often 2-5% of invoice
Common documents: PO (850), ASN (856), Invoice (810)
Your 3PL must support EDI for retail wholesale fulfillment

Common Questions

Do I need EDI for DTC eCommerce fulfillment?+

No — EDI is primarily for B2B wholesale/retail relationships. DTC eCommerce uses API integrations (Shopify webhooks, Amazon MWS/SP-API) rather than EDI. You only need EDI when selling wholesale to retailers that require it (Walmart, Target, specialty retail chains).

What is an EDI chargeback?+

A chargeback is a financial penalty imposed by a retailer when a vendor fails to comply with their EDI or routing guide requirements — wrong label format, incorrect ASN timing, improper packing, missing documentation. Chargebacks typically run 2-5% of the invoice and can be devastating for small brands. Always ask your 3PL for their EDI compliance track record.

Relevant Industries

👗 Apparel & Fashion💻 Electronics & Tech🛋️ Furniture & Home Goods

Related Terms

ASN (Advance Shipment Notice)Fulfillment Center
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